Wild Horse Island
http://www.archive.org/details/wildhorseislandv00montrich

This article is a great source, it give us some good back ground information on the types of fish that use to be in the lake prior to the lake trout infestation. It contains the depths, and temperatures of the lake, talks about the native fish and the natural reproduction system of the lake. I think I will use it as a tool to back up some of facts that I am going to put in my report. This is also the first article that talks about the oxygen in the lake and the depths the oxygen is at.

Lakes of Flathead County
Retrived from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=flathead_lake&odid=484143861

This is the demographics of Flathead Lake and the history of the Lake. This is more of facts rather than stories. I will use this article because it gives me a lot of facts about the body of water itself. It gives me the history of the name” Flathead”, depths of the water, width and length of the lake. I will be using this information, because I believe will be important to the readers to have some information about the lake in which we are fishing,

Alt, David. "The Making of Flathead Lake" in Profiles of Montana Geology: A layman's guide to the Treasure State. Butte, MT: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, 1984
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The role of benthic invertebrate species in freshwater ecosystems.
http://search.proquest.com/docprintview/216458800?accountid=67835

This article contains detailed information about the nutrient cycling of the lake as a freshwater source. The freshwater  supply depends on how various species make their living and contribute to complex food webs. It uses graphs that show the years of “build up” on the floor of a freshwater source and how it affects the micro species of the lake like the zooplankton which the Mysis feed off of.
This information is not so interesting by itself, but it helps me to understand why the Mysis shrimp thrive on the bottom of the lake the way they do, which in turn is a result to the Lake Trout.

Covich, Alan P; Palmer, Margaret A; Crowl, Todd The role of benthic invertebrate species in freshwater ecosystems A.Bioscience 49. 2 (Feb 1999): 119-127.
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 Beyond Mere Ownership
http://search.proquest.com/docview/216118347??

This is a very short article, but it tells explains how the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes received the right to manage the wildlife and fish resources around Flathead Lake. That explains why they are making the decisions on the fish of Flathead Lake, and why it is so important to get the native fish back into the water.

Williams, Jason."Beyond Mere Ownership: How the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes used Regulatory Control Over Natural Resources to Establish a Viable Tribal Homeland."2004. Environmental History 9(4):786-786 (http://search.proquest.com/docview/216118347?accountid=67835).

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Mack Days

http://www.mackdays.com/

This is the best source I have on my subject, and the most interesting one to read as well.
This article is an overview of the entire subject. It tells the reason for Mac Days, what has caused the problem and gives you the guidelines for the fishing derby. It also gives me an updated tally of the fish caught. There are lots of maps, to show the depth of the lake and the access sited, along with the Reservation cut off line. The Guide to the contest is in here. As long as you follow the guide you will have an equal chance of catching the biggest and most lake trout.

Barry Hansen, CSKT Fisheries Biologist, Confederated Salish Kootenai Tribe 2012

Fishing Contest aims to curb non-native trout
http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/12C16D9ACE7A63F0/0D98BB457498B715?p_multi=CLAB&s_lang=en-US

This article is a good overview. It gives us a nice background on why the lake trout are such a big problem. It explained what caused the problem and some information on how they have tried to correct it. It also gives us somewhat of a time line to work off of. The purpose of this article is so you will get a quick understanding of why they are putting on the Mac Days Fishing Contest. The Information if found to be helpful is that the article gave us some numbers as to the population of the lake trout and the rate at which they are growing along with what to expect in the future.

Fishing contest aims to curb non-native trout Billings Gazette, The (MT) - September 26, 2007
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Flathead Lake and River Fisheries CoManagement Plan

http://www.mackdays.com/

This Report is a great source of information on the fish population and how they have declined. The report contains History and Background, Defines the Management Plan, and the Pilot Project.  The report give us some great insight on the attempts they have tried and who has funded those attempt. It has some great photos of the fish that are over runing the lake and pictures of the fish that have been wipped out. There are some graphs included in this report that shows year by year the reversal in abundance of bull trout to lake trout and the amout of other fish consumed by the lake trout such as the Whitefish, Cutthroat, and Bull trout. It also gives some information on how the problem is rapidly spreading up the Middle Fork and the North Fork Rivers. I think this article is great. It has showed me the urgency of the issue.

Barry Hansen, CSKT Fisheries Biologist, Confederated Salish Kootenai Tribe 2012
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Trout

http://ea.http://ea.grolier.cohttp://ea.grolier.com/article?id=0393560-00m/article?id=0393560-00

This is a source about the trout species it self. It tells where the lake trout originate and the description, behavior, diet, and economic impact they have the waters in which they live. I think the main idea of this source is to just give background information of the Trout species as a whole. But it also goes a little deeper into the well-known trout species as well. The information i found to be helpful is that it tells me the lake trout originated from Alaska, which explains why it is one of the largest freshwater game fish. It also give me the scientific name for the lake trout which is S.namacush (Lake Trout).

Coates, Christopher W. "Trout." Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
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FAQ on the Fishery of Flathead Lake 

http://montanatu.org/

This article talks about one of the ways they are wanting to try and fix the problem, which is  gillnetting the lake trout and how it worked when done in other areas.This Source is also different in the way it has a question and answers portion. While reading over all the material I have. I've come up with some questions, and this report has those questions with the answers. Like how is Mac Days affecting all the fishing Charters in the Valley?That will be very helpful in my research project.

 Montana Trout Unlimited

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The effects of opossum shrimp
http://search.proquest.com/docview/845497739?accountid=67835

This article is about the opossum shrimp, known as the Mysis shrimp.  It gives good infomation about the shrimp and why the attemp of planting the Mysis failed. It explains that while they were trying to plant the shrimp to feed the Kokanee Salmon. The shrimp dove to the deep water where the Kokanee do not go. But infact that is where the LakeTrout are. So the Lake Trout ate the Mysis and grew at a incresingly rate. It was a small article, with alot of information in it. So i find the entire article very useful.

The effects of opossum shrimp. (2011). Nature, 469(7329), 134-134. http://search.proquest.com/docview/845497739?accountid=67835

Research Paper Assignment                                                                                                                Nichole Ramsey

                                                                                                                                                                           April 15, 2012

Letter of Intent

Conrad,

                The topic I have chosen for my Research Paper is Mackinaw Days at Flathead Lake. I know that it is a big fishing tournament where they catch thousands of fish in a short amount of time. They have this twice a year.  There must be a reason for this, since they give away thousands of dollars in prizes to get people to go out and catch as many fish as they can. There is not an entry fee, so it is not about raising money. Most species of fish have strict regulations and there is no way, we would be permitted to go out and catch that many fish. I am not sure what the circumstances are, that surround this species and why this is being permitted or allowed. My approach is going to be what are Mac Days and the history of the Mackinaw fish. I guess the big question for me is what is going on?

                I’ve chosen this subject because I live in the Flathead Valley and love to fish. Last year my husband and I finally got the nerve up to put our very small twelve foot aluminum fishing boat in the lake and try to catch one of these “Mac” fish and we had the time of our life.  Our first day out we must of caught eight or so fish and they were big fish. The biggest trout we have ever seen.  I caught a 34.5 inch trout; it took me almost an hour to get it up to the surface and in the boat. We have never caught such big trout in our life. We were hooked, and are looking forward to many years fishing this great lake of ours.  I would like to know who is controlling our waters and who decides what the future holds for them, and the local fishermen.  I do not have any background in this subject, except for what a charter captain said last weekend, when we charted a fishing boat for our anniversary.  That is when we found out there were reasons for Mac Days. A tribe in Polson is working towards a goal, of getting rid of the species, since the Mackinaws are not a native fish to these waters.  I would like to understand how we got to this point and what they are hoping to achieve.

                I have so many questions on this subject.  Such as, if these fish are not native to these waters where did they come from and how did they get here?  Why don’t they want them here?  Is it because they have a bad effect on the environment or another species of fish? What are they trying to accomplish as far as a goal?  What kind of things have they already tried to do, to correct the problem, if there is a problem?  What is the problem? There are so many questions out there that I would like to get answers to.

 Since we moved here nine years ago we have heard about Mac Days, and what a great fishing tournament it is. But, not once have we heard there was a reason for Mac Days.  It almost seems like someone is using Mac Days as a way to get rid of the species, without letting people know there is a controversial issue behind the tournament.  My current perspective on this subject is that we have an amazing world class fishing sport here in the flathead and I do not see any reason to get rid of it. I am looking forward to researching it and finding answers to all my questions.

                                          LOGICAL FALLACIES

1.)

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=DIRECT+TV+COMMERCIALS&mid=19A4C3E21D60A06FF5C819A4C3E21D60A06FF5C8&view=detail&FORM=VIRE2

2.)

 3.)

.http://health.msn.com/health-topics/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100288898

                                        Tax Day Will Drive Up Fatal Crash Rates

TUESDAY, April 10 (HealthDay News) -- The upcoming income tax filing deadline might be taxing in more ways than one for Americans: A new study suggests that fatal crashes jump on Tax Day, possibly as a result of last-minute filers carelessly rushing to the post office to mail their returns.

The study's lead author said the research indicates that "stressful deadlines lead to driver distraction and human error."

"Almost all of these crashes could have been totally avoided by a small change in driver behavior. An awareness of this risk could lead to better road safety," said Dr. Donald A. Redelmeier, a professor of medicine at the University of Toronto.

But others who study traffic said it's hard to understand what the findings mean since other possibilities, such as more cars on the road, rather than lots of people too revved up to pay attention, could drive up crash statistics on Uncle Sam's big pay day.

"The problem with announcing that any one day has a greater-than-normal number of traffic crashes is that often, when adjusted for the higher number of travelers, the crash rate isn't actually higher than a typical weekend day," said Tom Vanderbilt, author of the book "Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us)."

For the new study, published in the April 11 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Redelmeier and a colleague examined a database of fatal U.S. traffic accidents from 1980 to 2009. They looked specifically at crashes on the date taxes were due and the same day the week before and the week after.

While the federal government's typical filing deadline is April 15, it falls on Tuesday, April 17, this year.

Although the risk of dying on Tax Day is extremely small, it's a bit higher than on the other days. The researchers found an average of 226 fatal accidents on annual tax-due days compared to 213 on the other days. The increased risk is about 6 percent.

Increased risk was greatest for people younger than 65, the researchers said.

Redelmeier, who has investigated traffic fatality rates on other special days, said Tax Day is about as risky on the roads as Super Bowl Sunday. In 2008, he also reported that fatal crashes are more likely during polling hours on presidential election days, compared to other Tuesdays around the same time.

He said he thinks stress is the accelerator here. "It doesn't just hold on Tax Day but might also hold to other distinctly stressful times, such as when you're going through a divorce or something is wrong with your child or you've just lost your job," he said.

Chandra Bhat, a professor of transportation engineering at University of Texas at Austin, raised questions about the study. For one thing, he said, the study finds that people under the age of 18 are involved in more fatal crashes on Tax Day. It's not clear if they're passengers or drivers, he said, adding that if they're drivers, it's unlikely the crash increase is related to the tax deadline.

"Traffic accidents are such relatively rare events that a one-day period of observation may be inadequate to make conclusive observations," Bhat cautioned. "While I appreciate that the analysis design followed by the authors is quite good and that the authors have considered several years in their analysis, I still would be somewhat cautious in drawing conclusions."

Since the study didn't account for factors such as sleep deprivation, the authors recommend additional research that would ultimately beef up efforts aimed at prevention.

For now, they said, drivers should be reminded to wear seat belts, drive the posted speed limit and avoid alcohol on April 17.

                                                                       200 WORDS

                 Fallacies are all over the place. They are on the TV, radio, and in our newspaper ads.  I have found three fallacies on the internet.  The first fallacy I seen while I was lying in bed watching TV.  And a Direct TV commercial came on and lead us to believe that if we did not purchase Direct TV a chain of events would happen and it would end very badly. It wanted to you think, as long as you had Direct TV this would not happen to you. I took this as an example of the Post hoc fallacy.  Weather or not we have Direct TV, has nothing to do with bad things happening to us.

                The next Fallacy is an example of Appeal to authority; it wants us to think that if a doctor is smoking a certain brand of cigarettes then that brand  must not be bad for you. When they are. It does not matter what brand of cigarette it is, they will kill you!

                The last Fallacy is also an example of the Post hoc fallacy; it is a story of how tax day causes more fatal accident then the average day.  It talks about since taxes are due to get out in the mail, more people are rushing around and not paying attention and getting in fatal wrecks that day. I do not see how one thing has to do with the other.  I would think, since post offices are usually located inside the city limits, the speed of a car would not get high enough to just kill anyone who has a fender bender.

Word Count 270

               

RESEARCH PAPER - BRAINSTORMING

MAC DAYS-FISHING FLATHEAD LAKE

·         WHY ARE THEY TRYING TO KILL ALL THE LAKETROUT?

·         WHEN DID THEY START?

·         FUTURE PLANS FOR FLATHEAD LAKE?

·         WHO IS DRIVING THIS PROGRAM?

FAMILY HISTORY “ CARDOZA” NAME

·         WHERE DID IT ORIGINATE FROM?

·         ARE ANY OF THE CARDOZA’S IMPORTANT IN HISTORY?

·         WHAT DOES THE NAME MEAN?

·         HOW AND WHEN DID THEY COME TO THE UNITED STATES?

HISTORY OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

·         WHEN DID IT START?

·         HOW DID IT START?

·         HOW HAS IT HELPED THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINE IN WAR?

·         WHO STARTED IT?

OBAMA HEALTH CARE PLAN

·         HOW WOULD IT WORK?

·         PROS AND CONS

·         WHO WOULD MANAGE IT?

·         WHAT WOULD IT COVER?

CRABBING IN THE BERING SEA

·         HOW IS IT REGULATED?

·         HOW HAS IT CHANGED?

·         WHY IS IT SO DANGEROUS?

·         WHAT ARE THE LIMITS?

GLACIER NATIONAL PARK

·         WHEN DID IT GET STARTED?

·         WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO UPKEEP IT?

·         HOW DO THEY MANAGE THE ANIMALS AND PEOPLE WHO VISIT?

·         HISTORY OF?

OLYMPICS

·         WHERE DID THEY IDEA COME FROM?

·         WHERE DID THEY GET STARTED?

·         HOW DO THEY DECIDE WHERE TO HAVE IT EVERY YEAR?

·         WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO GET READY FOR ONE?

GRAND CANYON

·         HOW WAS IT CREATED?

·         WHAT DO ALL THE COLORED LAYERS MEAN?

·         WHAT ANIMALS HABITAT THERE?

·         HOW DO THEY MAINTAIN IT?

JOHN STEWART SHOW-FALLACIES

The first fallacy I noticed was the Hasty generalization fallacy. He made the statement that illegal Immigrants are diseased, rapist, drunks that act with immoral behavior.  And, that is not true. He is stereotyping immigrants. We as intelligent people know that disease is not dependent on the race. We as Americans, have disease among us as well.  I am sure that third world countries, such as Mexico, do have more disease in them. Not because of who they are, but because of the lack of medical treatment available to the people. Simply, all races have rapist, drunks and disease.

   The next fallacy I noticed was the Post hoc fallacy.  He wanted us to believe that because we have allowed illegal immigrants in the United States that is why we have had leprosy.  He then followed up with some grafts that showed a study. He wanted us to feel that that the action of letting the immigrants in has then caused the leprosy being brought here.  When actually, the graft he showed, was not from a reputable source or based on actual studies. Once we were given some accurate information that has been investigated by the reputable show Sixty Minutes. We find out that there were only 7000 cases of leprosy in the United States over the last thirty years.  We also found out that out of those cases, they are not sure of how many, or if any were immigrants. When in all actuality, one has nothing to do with the other.

    The last fallacy I noticed was the Appeal to Authority fallacy. Again, the so called expert showed small chopped up clips that showed political icons using some of the same verbage he was using such as immigrants, and leprosy.  He wanted the people to think, that because the reputable politicians were talking about the subject(s) that they are blaming the immigrants for the leprosy. Although, the politicians are not experts on disease or leprosy study, he wanted us to believe them, because of who they are.

http://fwp.mt.gov/fishAndWildlife/management/wolf/population.html

This is one of the Montana Fish and Wildlife sites that show nothing but facts, and results from the research studies, done over the last thirty years, which I think is very important. Research over the last thirty years should give us a nice rounded picture of where we were and where we are at now. This site will show the continued rising numbers of the wolf packs, and where they are located, and how far they travel. It also has a lot of important information on the history of the wolves in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. It gives us some good background information on the numbers and locations when they were re-introduced.

http://fwp.mt.gov/fishAndWildlife/management/wolf/game.html

This is another site that is packed full of information and data that has been collected over the past 10 years or so. Although, this site is mainly based on the large game numbers and how the deer and elk population has decreased, as the wolf population has increased. It discusses each individual district in the state .It gives some good numbers that show when the wolves move in the big game numbers go down.  It gives a good idea of the amount of big game the average wolf will consume to survive the winter months.  I think this is a good article, due to the fact that it factors in the other animals that take the big game population down as well. It has a lot about the bear and mountain lion population and http://www.friendsoftheclearwater.org/articles/northern-rockies-gray-wolf-delisting-fact-sheetshows that increased growth as well.

http://www.friendsoftheclearwater.org/articles/northern-rockies-gray-wolf-delisting-fact-sheet

Friends of the Clearwater, is a group that is working towards keeping the wolves on the endangered list.

This group is one of the handfuls of environmental groups that are fighting the federal government for the way the wolves were delisted then relisted then delisted this last time.  They do not feel that the way the wolves were delisted this last time was fair or legal, since the wolves were only delisted in the states of Idaho and Montana but not in Wyoming.  I understand there is a legal battle here, they are fighting for.  What I do not like about this article is that they are name calling. They are calling hunters killers. And they feel that people, who hunt, do so out of anger. I think that that they would get there point across better, if they would stick to the facts.

http://www.defenders.org/programs_and_policy/wildlife_conservation/solutions/wolf_compensation_trust/wolf_predation_and_livestock_losses.php

Defenders of Wildlife are another one of the groups that is working to protect the wolves. I really like the way this group presents there side of it.  They go about it by reporting the facts and showing the research they have collected.  Their position is that wolves are not the only predator that is killing the livestock and big game throughout the state. However they are focused mainly on the livestock portion of the battle. They also give some good information on the wolf species. They educate us on the population, life span, how far they migrate, behavior and the reproduction. Which all is very important, so you can get the full picture, of what you are dealing with.